Heat pumps by state and city

Whether a heat pump is the cheapest way to heat a home depends on two things: how cold it gets and what you pay for electricity versus gas. At current prices a typical heat pump heats for less than a 95% gas furnace in 9 of 51 states.

Largest cities

Heat pump vs. gas furnace, by state

Yearly cost to heat a typical house (36,000 BTU/h) with a typical heat pump (9.0 HSPF2) and with a 95% AFUE gas furnace, at each state's average prices and climate.

State	Winter	Electricity	Gas	Heat pump / yr	Gas furnace / yr	Heat pump saves
Arkansas3 cities	Mild winters	13.5¢	$1.86	$727	$952	$225
Washington6 cities	Moderate winters	14.2¢	$1.70	$1,048	$1,192	$144
Georgia8 cities	Mild winters	15.1¢	$1.97	$573	$709	$137
Louisiana4 cities	Barely any heating season	13.1¢	$1.68	$314	$382	$68
Florida20 cities	Barely any heating season	15.4¢	$2.46	$123	$186	$63
Texas30 cities	Mild winters	16.0¢	$1.87	$448	$496	$48
Arizona5 cities	Barely any heating season	15.5¢	$1.79	$278	$305	$27
Mississippi2 cities	Mild winters	14.9¢	$1.61	$508	$519	$11
North Carolina6 cities	Mild winters	14.9¢	$1.58	$744	$748	$5
Hawaii2 cities	Barely any heating season	43.7¢	$5.05	$0	$0	-$-0
South Carolina3 cities	Mild winters	15.7¢	$1.63	$472	$463	-$8
Alabama5 cities	Mild winters	16.5¢	$1.69	$594	$576	-$17
Missouri5 cities	Cold winters	13.9¢	$1.44	$1,028	$1,010	-$18
Oregon6 cities	Moderate winters	15.6¢	$1.61	$1,091	$1,068	-$23
Oklahoma3 cities	Moderate winters	13.6¢	$1.39	$763	$737	-$26
Nevada3 cities	Mild winters	13.6¢	$1.27	$570	$505	-$64
Virginia6 cities	Mild winters	16.6¢	$1.62	$894	$829	-$65
Kentucky3 cities	Cold winters	14.0¢	$1.37	$951	$883	-$69
Kansas3 cities	Cold winters	15.1¢	$1.43	$1,118	$1,003	-$116
Tennessee5 cities	Mild winters	13.7¢	$1.14	$710	$562	-$149
West Virginia3 cities	Cold winters	15.7¢	$1.33	$1,128	$907	-$220
Nebraska3 cities	Severe winters	12.9¢	$1.10	$1,213	$980	-$233
Delaware2 cities	Cold winters	18.0¢	$1.54	$1,365	$1,109	-$256
Utah1 city	Cold winters	13.3¢	$0.98	$1,091	$761	-$330
California44 cities	Mild winters	33.1¢	$2.12	$928	$562	-$365
New Mexico2 cities	Moderate winters	15.2¢	$0.95	$945	$558	-$387
Wyoming3 cities	Severe winters	14.2¢	$1.13	$1,641	$1,242	-$400
Iowa3 cities	Severe winters	14.1¢	$1.02	$1,436	$986	-$451
Ohio6 cities	Cold winters	18.3¢	$1.34	$1,537	$1,066	-$471
Maryland3 cities	Moderate winters	22.3¢	$1.56	$1,428	$946	-$482
Idaho1 city	Cold winters	12.7¢	$0.74	$1,090	$603	-$487
Pennsylvania3 cities	Cold winters	20.8¢	$1.45	$1,536	$1,017	-$519
District of Columbia1 city	Moderate winters	24.2¢	$1.61	$1,453	$915	-$537
North Dakota3 cities	Severe winters	12.5¢	$0.92	$1,779	$1,238	-$542
Indiana5 cities	Cold winters	17.1¢	$1.11	$1,468	$904	-$564
Colorado6 cities	Severe winters	16.6¢	$1.08	$1,622	$1,003	-$619
South Dakota3 cities	Severe winters	14.3¢	$0.95	$1,684	$1,062	-$622
Montana3 cities	Severe winters	13.9¢	$0.87	$1,616	$956	-$660
Massachusetts7 cities	Cold winters	30.4¢	$2.42	$2,857	$2,155	-$702
Minnesota3 cities	Severe winters	16.2¢	$1.06	$1,948	$1,205	-$743
New Jersey2 cities	Cold winters	23.6¢	$1.37	$1,794	$986	-$808
Illinois6 cities	Severe winters	19.0¢	$1.08	$1,784	$962	-$822
Vermont2 cities	Severe winters	23.9¢	$1.74	$2,676	$1,846	-$829
Rhode Island1 city	Cold winters	29.4¢	$2.09	$2,586	$1,742	-$844
New York6 cities	Moderate winters	28.4¢	$1.70	$2,155	$1,224	-$931
Wisconsin3 cities	Severe winters	18.8¢	$1.04	$2,026	$1,064	-$962
New Hampshire2 cities	Severe winters	26.8¢	$1.79	$2,730	$1,730	-$1,000
Michigan6 cities	Cold winters	21.0¢	$1.05	$2,100	$995	-$1,105
Connecticut5 cities	Cold winters	28.2¢	$1.62	$2,482	$1,351	-$1,131
Maine3 cities	Severe winters	29.3¢	$1.83	$3,338	$1,976	-$1,362
Alaska3 cities	Severe winters	27.0¢	$1.25	$4,376	$1,918	-$2,457

Heating only. A heat pump also replaces the air conditioner. Prices: U.S. EIA; climate: NOAA 1991-2020 normals, population-weighted across each state's listed cities.

Heat pumps by state and city

Largest cities

Heat pump vs. gas furnace, by state

All cities by state